Types of pathogens pdf

Pathogens, or microscopic causes of disease, abound in the world we live in. Take bloodborne pathogens training free only pay for a certificate after passing. Many species of cryptosporidium exist that infect humans and a wide range of animals. Infectious agents and how they cause disease immunobiology. Osha publications standards occupational safety and. Blood means human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.

Some common pathogens in each group are listed in the column on. Bloodborne pathogens bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that are transmitted through the bloodstream. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa are all microorganisms that cause disease. Bacteria viruses fungi protozoa parasitic worms prions 5. A few of them are beneficial, while others are pathogenic. This criterion was developed in the 1990s as an erroneous interpretation of now. Core concepts human papillomavirus infection pathogen.

This means the level and type of protection must fit the expected exposure. Some bloodborne pathogens pose few significant health threats and some are potentially fatal, often by leading to other illnesses. When two haploid nuclei 1n containing different gnentic maeterial unite to form diploid 2n nucleus called a zygote, when under go meiotic division produce new haploid. Bloodborne pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause. The courses cover types of diseases, exposure controls and personal protective.

Exposure to food pathogen in occupational and residential surroundings causes a variety of distasteful health effects. Although cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis formerly known as c. Sunlight drying freezing and thawing cycles high temperature high or low ph. An ecp is a plan that directs how employees respond to exposure to pathogens and typically includes the following. Important survival factors for potential pathogens in manure.

Public health service has identified the following microorganisms as being the biggest culprits of foodborne illness, either because of the severity of the sickness or the number of cases of illness they cause. Symptoms may include a detectable change in color, shape or function of the plant as it responds to the pathogen. Distance remote learning pack for biology students pathogens and disease from an independent learning perspective. Other than viruses and parasites, find out what other. For a bloodborne pathogen to be spread, the bodily fluids of an infected person must enter into the. Vaccines against bacterial pathogens include the anthrax vaccine and the pneumococcal vaccine. Traditional vaccines consist of entire pathogens that have been killed or weakened so that they cannot cause disease. Chemicals and minerals from the natural environment, such as. The latter is also concerned to overcome the plant diseases arising from the biotic andor abiotic origin. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. Transmission occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing. Accidental punctures and cuts with contaminated sharp materials e. There are different types of pathogens, but were going to focus on the four most common types.

The receptors for some of the invasive pathogens have been identified. Types of pathogens in fish, waterborne diseases request pdf. Types of pathogens indirectly transmitted animals or insects serve as vectors carrying the pathogens from one host to the next. Students will create a frayer model foldable which will help them understand the four different types of pathogens. Aids, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, or hiv. Most people get infected with one or more of these viruses at some point in their lives. In this paper, seedborne pathogens are defined as any infectious agent carried on the seeds, internally or externally, that. Pathogens types and examples and how they spread new health. General characteristics of bacteria and examples of phytopathogenic bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas.

The prerequisite for success in this fight is the participation of all health care professionals. A briefing of personnel who may be exposed to pathogens directly. Ticks mosquitoes different types of pathogens may include. Plants can play host to a wide range of pathogen types including viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and. Waterborne pathogens can occur in all types of water sources and are particularly rampant in areas where there are. They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus called simian. Selecting personal protective equipment personal protective equipment may include gloves, gowns, laboratory coats, face shields or masks, eye protection, pocket masks, and other protective gear.

The viruses that cause hepatitis b virus hbv and human immunodeficiency virus hiv are two examples of bloodborne pathogens. Types of pathogens a virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent only capable of. Types of bloodborne pathogens human immunodeficiency virus hiv. The types of transmissionbased precautions are listed here. Biffen was the first to show that resistance to pathogens in plants can be inherited as a mendelian character. Captions the supporting information name and number are required in a caption, and we highly recommend including a oneline title as well. Pdf microbes are found on us, within us and around us. Free bloodborne pathogens training bloodborne pathogens. Pathogenesis of bacterial infection microbiology module microbiology notes that are involved. The types of pathogens diseasecausing organisms which infect humans, plants, and other animals are amazingly diverse.

Plant pathology also phytopathology is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens infectious organisms and environmental conditions physiological factors. The chain of infection was discussed in the standard precautions module. Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, some are pathogenic, with the number of species estimated as fewer than a hundred that are seen to cause infectious diseases in humans. A symptom of plant disease is a visible effect of disease on the plant. They inhabit virtually every environment on the planet and the bacteria carried by an. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and. Pathogens vary substantially in survival mechanism, dispersal, host range, etc. To reduce that burden an integrated approach is required, combining health promotion, disease prevention and patient treatment. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. For purposes of this section, the following shall apply.

Unlimited quiz retakes and 100% acceptance guarantee. Cholera is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, for example, and leishmaniasis is caused by different species spp. Infections and infectious diseases are a great burden on many societies, including the countries in the who european region. Printer friendly version pdf icon pdf common human coronaviruses, including types 229e, nl63, oc43, and hku1, usually cause mild to moderate upperrespiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. In biology, a pathogen in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. Pathogen is known as a microorganism that may cause disease to its host.

Types of plant pathogens free download as powerpoint presentation. The study of plant pathogens belongs to the branch of biology known as plant pathology. Limiting factors for survival of pathogens in the environment. Bloodborne pathogens come in all sorts of shapes and sizes. Different types of pathogens include bacteria, viruses.

This course is part two of a 2part series on pathogens and antimicrobial therapy with a focus on general issues affecting antibiotic selection, the types of pathogens and diseases treated, and on specific antibiotics indication, administration and potential adverse effects. Much like viral pathogens, infection by certain bacterial pathogens can be prevented via vaccines. Leaf wilting is a typical symptom of verticilium wilt, caused by the fungal plant pathogens verticillium alboatrum and v. In order to cause disease, they generally invade a. This foldable will require students to define the target vocabulary word, write the essential characteristics of the concept, draw examples and ge. Seed diseases and seedborne pathogens of north america. This is too slow to provide full protection from exposure to waterborne pathogens. Types of pathogens, bacterial infection and antibiotic therapy.

In order to cause disease, they generally invade a host. Bacterium in water, also known as pathogens, is a public health hazard with risk factors in nearly all parts of the world. Chap 2 hazards biological, chemical, and physical people may come into contact with thousands of kinds of yeasts, molds, bacteria, viruses and protozoa daily without ill effect. The following healthhearty article provides you information on bacteria and help you learn their names through the given list. Such whole pathogen vaccines can elicit strong protective immune responses. Hiv attacks the bodys immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. We will go into greater detail in following slides. Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area of both men and women. In such a scheme, hyperparasitism by obligate parasites of a plant pathogen would be considered the most direct type of antagonism because the activities of no other organism table 1. Many other bacterial pathogens lack vaccines as a preventive measure, but infection by these bacteria can often be treated or prevented with antibiotics. They can be spread through skin contact, bodily fluids, airborne particles, contact. Request pdf types of pathogens in fish, waterborne diseases how diseases are transmitted is a fascinating research area where environmental factors and the virulence of the pathogen often make.

Types of plant pathogens branches of botany plants free. You may naturally think most often of bacteria or viruses, but there are other types of pathogens which cause disease. Differing types of pathogens can infect by more than one route. Most changes in the characteristics of pathogens are the result of recombination occurs during sexual processes. Pathogens are microscopic organisms that cause or have the potential to cause disease. Plant virusesgeneral characteristics and examples of plant diseases caused by viruses. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. More than 170 types of hpv have been classified and more than 40 types of hpv can infect the genital tract of humans. If there are different types serotypes or strains of the same pathogen. This program is designed to meet the requirements of the occupational safety and health.

These insights, as well as advances in laboratory techniques and technologies, have aided the development of new types of vaccines. As a result, some pathogens can invade a wide range of cell types whilst others have a much more restricted invasive potential. These nucleicacid based microbes can come in various forms, from viruses to fungi. Contact between mucous membranes or broken skin and infected body fluids e. The word pathogenic denotes the ones that are diseasecausing. Research, commercialization, application months, but the data generation requirements for different types of products and the level of experience a company has with past registrations can.

Types of interspecies antagonisms leading to biological control of plant pathogens. Burgeff reported that within a cell of a fungus, fusion between dissimilar nuclei can. Bloodborne pathogen exposure can be prevented with the proper use of specialized equipment and clothing. What are pathogens, and what have they done to and. Where hiv originated scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in central africa as the source of hiv infection in humans. In this paper, seedborne pathogens are defined as any infectious agent. However, as varied as they may be in type and structure, pathogens all have one thing in common. Human papillomavirus hpv is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections stis. The types of pathogens diseasecausing organisms which infect humans, plants, and other animals are amazingly. Types of seedborne pathogens pathogenic fungi can infect seeds internally and destroy the endosperm and the embryo or contaminate the seeds and affect seedling germination and development. Peoples working in different food sectors are exposed to different food pathogens causing different foodborne diseases such as hemolysin functionality, fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps, which leads to death.

Biotic infectious diseases are developed owing to microbial infection, while abiotic noninfectious diseases are developed due to environmental factors. Type of slurry or manure ph dry matter content temperature numbers and type of pathogen present presence of competing organisms table 3. Assistant secretary means the assistant secretary of labor for occupational safety and health, or designated representative. Jul 27, 2017 bloodborne pathogens cause diseases through contact with blood. This reading passage bundle focusses on the theory behind communicable diseases, the types of pathogens and the spread and prevention of disease. Bloodborne pathogens this training module is designed to provide a basic understanding of bloodborne pathogens, common modes of their transmission, methods of prevention, and other pertinent information.

Differentiate the most common types of bloodborne pathogens recognize the types of body fluids than can transmit illnesses outline the various modes of bloodborne pathogen transmission state the benefits of vaccinations discuss pathogen epidemiology, transmission, and treatment. In the uk the main bacterial species that cause mastitis in dairy cattle are streptococcus uberis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli e. Types of plant pathogens branches of botany plants. The transmission of pathogens from current to future host follows a repeating cycle. Model plans and programs for the osha bloodborne pathogens and hazard communications standards osha 3186 2003 english. Pathogens that cause communicable diseases can be classified into different types based on multiple characteristics as follows. Some are super small, like viruses, and others are much bigger, like parasites. Infectious diseases in 1991, osha occupation safety and health administration issued in the bloodborne pathogen standards. Monitoring of biological contamination in water is currently performed by enumerating bacteria and can require more than a day for laboratory analysis.